Guaco (Mikania glomerata) is a native South American plant widely used in Brazilian folk medicine for its therapeutic properties, especially in treating respiratory diseases. Rich in coumarin, guaco has gained recognition not only for its traditional use but also as the subject of scientific studies confirming its health benefits. In this article, we will explore the characteristics of guaco, its medicinal uses, methods of preparation, and precautions when consuming it.
What is Guaco?
Guaco is a climbing plant from the Asteraceae family that grows in tropical and subtropical regions of Brazil. Its leaves are green, aromatic, and slightly serrated at the edges. The name “guaco” originates from indigenous languages and was already used by native peoples long before colonization.
The most used part of the plant is the leaves, whether fresh or dried, to make teas, syrups, or extracts. Guaco is cultivated in medicinal gardens and sold in compounding pharmacies, being one of the most well-known plants in Brazilian phytotherapy.
Main Medicinal Properties
Guaco offers several pharmacological properties, mainly:
- Expectorant: Helps remove mucus from the lungs and airways.
- Bronchodilator: Eases breathing by dilating the bronchi.
- Anti-inflammatory: Fights inflammation, especially in the respiratory tract.
- Antiseptic: Fights microorganisms that cause infections.
- Antiallergic: Reduces allergic reactions like itching and runny nose.
These properties make guaco a natural ally in treating colds, flu, asthma, bronchitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis, and persistent coughs.
Popular and Scientific Use
In folk medicine, guaco is traditionally used as tea or syrup to relieve symptoms of respiratory illnesses. For generations, Brazilian families have used guaco to treat children with coughs and phlegm.
Scientific studies show that guaco’s main active compound, coumarin, has a bronchodilator effect and may help reduce symptoms of chronic respiratory diseases. However, the use of coumarin should be moderate, as high doses may have toxic effects.
Research also indicates that guaco relaxes smooth muscles in the bronchi, aiding breathing in mild asthma cases.
How to Prepare Guaco
There are various ways to consume guaco, depending on the purpose and preference:
1. Guaco Tea
- Ingredients: 1 tablespoon of fresh or dried leaves to 1 cup of water.
- Preparation: Boil the water, add the leaves, turn off the heat, and steep for 10 minutes. Strain before drinking.
- Dosage: 2 to 3 cups per day, preferably warm.
2. Homemade Guaco Syrup
- Ingredients: 10 guaco leaves, 1 cup of brown sugar, and 1 cup of water.
- Preparation: Boil all ingredients until it forms a thick syrup. Strain and store in a glass container.
- Dosage: 1 tablespoon 2 to 3 times a day for adults. Use in children only under medical guidance.
3. Extract or Tincture
Available at compounding pharmacies, to be used according to professional prescription.
Precautions and Contraindications
Despite its benefits, guaco should be used responsibly. Coumarin, in excess, can cause side effects such as headaches, vomiting, dizziness, and even liver problems. Also:
- Pregnant or breastfeeding women and children under 2 should not use guaco without medical advice.
- People with liver issues or taking anticoagulants should avoid guaco, as coumarin may interfere with blood clotting.
- Prolonged or high-dose use can lead to toxicity.
Guaco in Brazilian Phytotherapy
Guaco is one of the plants authorized by ANVISA for use in herbal medicines. Its effectiveness is recognized, as long as proper dosages and methods of use are followed.
Natural pharmacies and herbal laboratories use guaco extracts to make syrups for both children and adults, often combining it with herbs like mint, mallow, or ginger for enhanced effect.
Final Considerations
Guaco is a true treasure of Brazilian nature, with medicinal applications passed down through generations. Whether in the form of tea, syrup, or extract, it remains a key ally in respiratory health care.
However, even natural remedies can have contraindications. Therefore, it is essential to consult a doctor or herbal specialist before starting regular use of guaco, especially for children, the elderly, or people with chronic conditions.
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